| 163 Ky. 235 |
|---|
| Court of Appeals of Kentucky. |
| INTERSTATE COAL CO. v. GARRARD. |
| March 2, 1915. |
| ACTION: Affirmed. |
Appeal from Circuit Court, Knox County. Action by Albert Garrard, by guardian, against the Interstate Coal Company. From a judgment for plaintiff, defendant appeals. MILLER, C. J. The appellee, Albert Garrard, a colored boy 18 years of age, was injured while in the service of the appellant, the Interstate Coal Company, on October 1, 1912, by a fall of slate from the roof of appellant's mine. Garrard's back was broken, and his lower limbs entirely paralyzed. He brought this action to recover damages for his injuries; and, having obtained a verdict and judgment for $2,000, the defendant appeals. The petition alleges, in substance, that Garrard was a mere boy, ignorant and inexperienced in mining; that the appellant knew that fact; that, notwithstanding appellee's ignorance and inexperience, he was ordered and directed by appellant's foreman to cut the coal in room 11, which was dangerous and unsafe, and was known to be so by appellant's foreman at the time he ordered appellee to cut the coal therein, assuring him that said room was "all right"; that said room was not a reasonably safe place in which to work, but was a dangerous and unsafe place, a fact well known to the appellant, or by the exercise of ordinary care could have been known to it and its foreman; that said dangerous and unsafe condition was unknown to the appellee, and could not have been discovered by him in the exercise of ordinary care and reasonable diligence, on account of his youth and inexperience; and that in obeying said order, and in relying upon said assurance that the room was all right and safe, he met with the accident which caused his injuries. Appellant's chief complaint is that the circuit court erred in failing to peremptorily instruct the jury to find for the defendant, and that the instructions given were erroneous. The facts as shown by the weight of the evidence are substantially as follows: Garrard had been working in appellant's mine about six or eight months, running a motor car in hauling coal from the place in appellant's mine where it had been dug, to the tipple, as his regular work. He was without experience as a miner, and had little experience in the operation of mining machines. He had operated a mining machine only five or six shifts, all told. He was injured about 7 o'clock in the morning, after he had worked all night. He had finished his shift of ten hours, and had started to leave the mine, when, as he says, Hamilton, appellant's night boss or foreman, directed him to go into room 11 on Ammon's entry, and cut coal in that room, with a mining machine run by electricity. Garrard protested, and insisted that Gilbert was the regular machine man, and that he ought to run it; but he was overruled in this by Hamilton, who directed Garrard to go and do the work, showing him where to cut. Room 11 had been cleaned up and made ready for the work by Keywood; and, when Garrard went into the room and set his machine to begin cutting, he found a piece of slate sticking out about 18 inches from over the rock. He set the machine and began cutting under the coal; and, after he had cut about 6 feet, a rope attached to the back of the machine got hung in some way, and, when Garrard bent over to loosen it, the slate fell and knocked him off of the machine, causing the injuries complained of. It is contended by appellant, and it attempted to show by the proof, that the fall of the slate was caused by the saw of the machine being caught under the pressure of the coal, thereby dislodging the slate above it. But the proof does not sustain this contention, since it appears that the machine continued to run for some time after the accident, and until it was stopped by one of the other men. Appellant further insists that this is a case where the master is not responsible for an injury sustained by the servant because the danger was caused by the progress of the servant's work; and that the company did not, therefore, fail to furnish the appellee a safe place in which to work. This danger could readily have been discovered and averted by a proper and timely inspection by the appellant. Garrard could not put a prop under it, because a prop would be in the way of the machine, and would have prevented all work. The condition of the roof was easily discoverable upon inspection, and should have been removed before appellee was sent in to the room to work. Appellant insists that Hamilton, its foreman, did not give Garrard any assurance that the room was "all right," or safe; and it does not appear that Hamilton used those precise words when he ordered Garrard to work in room No. 11. But it is not necessary that the master should use words which, in terms, expressly or directly assure the servant that the place where he is directed to work is a reasonably safe place; it is sufficient if the acts of the master, under all the circumstances, amount to an assurance that the place where he directs the servant to work is a reasonably safe place. In the case at bar, Hamilton, the foreman, not only denies that he gave any such assurance, but he also denies that he directed Garrard to go to work in room No. 11, although he admits having talked with Garrard at the time he went to work. In this, however, he is contradicted by Garrard and two other witnesses, and the circumstances of the case. This, however, was a matter for the jury to determine under the conflicting testimony; and if Garrard told the truth--and of this the jury had the right to judge--it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that Hamilton assured Garrard that the room was a reasonably safe place in which to work. At any rate, there was sufficient evidence to take that question to the jury. The motion for a peremptory instruction was properly overruled. Next, it is insisted that the first and second instructions given are erroneous, and that the court failed to instruct the jury upon the subjects of contributory negligence and assumed risk. While the instructions are somewhat prolix, they substantially gave the law of the case. The first instruction told the jury that it was appellant's duty to exercise ordinary care to furnish Garrard a reasonably safe place in which to do his work in said mine, and if they believed from the evidence that room 11 was dangerous and unsafe, and that fact was known to the defendant, or by the exercise of ordinary care could have been known by it, but was not known to Garrard, and that Garrard while exercising ordinary care for his own safety and protection was injured by the falling of the slate, the law was for the plaintiff, and the jury should so find; and that, unless the jury so believed, they should find for the defendant. The second instruction advised the jury that if they believed from the evidence room No. 11 was dangerous and unsafe, and that fact was known to the defendant, or by the exercise of ordinary care could have been known to it before Garrard was injured, and that Garrard was directed by the foreman to work in said room, and was assured that said place was reasonably safe, and that Garrard relied upon said assurance, and while following said direction in said place he was injured by a fall of rock or slate from the roof, the law was for the plaintiff, unless they should further believe from the evidence that the dangerous and unsafe condition of room No. 11 was so open, obvious, or apparent that a reasonably prudent person of the age and experience of Garrard would have apprehended the danger and withdrawn from said working place before his injury, in which event the jury should find for the defendant. The fourth instruction properly gave the measure of damages; while the fifth instruction put upon Garrard the duty of exercising ordinary care for his own safety and protection, "and to inspect and examine his working place to discover whether it was reasonably safe, and if he failed to do this, and by reason of such failure he was injured, then the law is for the defendant, and you will so find." By the sixth instruction the jury were told that, although they might believe from the evidence that at the time Garrard was assigned to work at said place, and began to cut the coal in the room the said place was in a reasonably safe condition, and that the undermining of the coal by Garrard loosened and caused the rock or slate to fall and injure Garrard, the law was for the defendant; but if they believed from the evidence that Garrard was assured by Hamilton the foreman in charge of the work, that the said place was reasonably safe, and directed the plaintiff to continue said work until completed, they should find for the plaintiff under the second instruction. The seventh instruction properly defined ordinary care and negligence, while the eighth was the usual instruction authorizing a verdict by nine of the jury. We do not see any substantial error in these instructions as applied to the facts of this case. Taking them as a whole, they fairly presented the respective rights and duties of the parties; and, as there was sufficient evidence to carry the case to the jury upon the issues thus submitted, it is not our province to interfere with their finding. Judgment affirmed. Ky.App. 1915. INTERSTATE COAL CO. v. GARRARD. 173 S.W. 767, 163 Ky. 235 |
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